Changes In Hydraulic Conductivity Research Articles

Coupled hydromechanical modelling of cone penetration in layered liquefiable soils

Soil layering modifies cone penetration measurements when the cone is close to layer boundaries. Transition zone and thin-layer effects appear, complicating interpretation. To help identify the mechanisms underlying transition and thin-layer effects, several series of realistic simulations of cone penetration in layered soils are presented. Cone penetration tests are simulated using fully coupled hydromechanical models solved with the particle finite-element method. A constitutive model capable of representing flow liquefaction is employed to explore the effect of embedded layers with different initial state parameter and/or hydraulic conductivity than the host soil. Sensing and development distances for tip resistance and excess pore pressure are examined, as well as the effect of layering on dissipation tests. It is shown how distortion of layer interfaces by the cone is captured, explaining several characteristics of pore pressure and dissipation records. It is also shown that looser soil states may be hidden in the tip resistance trace by simultaneous changes in soil hydraulic conductivity.

Stomatal response to VPD is not triggered by changes in soil-leaf hydraulic conductance in Arabidopsis or Callitris.

Stomatal closure under high VPDL (leaf to air vapour pressure deficit) is a primary means by which plants prevent large excursions in transpiration rate and leaf water potential (Ψleaf) that could lead to tissue damage. Yet, the drivers of this response remain controversial. Changes in Ψleaf appear to drive stomatal VPDL response, but many argue that dynamic changes in soil-to-leaf hydraulic conductance (Ks-l) make an important contribution to this response pathway, even in well-hydrated soils. Here, we examined whether the regulation of whole plant stomatal conductance (gc) in response to typical changes in daytime VPDL is influenced by dynamic changes in Ks-l. We use well-watered plants of two species with contrasting ecological and physiological features: the herbaceous Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Columbia-0) and the dry forest conifer Callitris rhomboidea. The dynamics of Ks-l and gc were continuously monitored by combining concurrent in situ measurements of Ψleaf using an open optical dendrometer and whole plant transpiration using a balance. Large changes in VPDL were imposed to induce stomatal closure and observe the impact on Ks-l. In both species, gc was observed to decline substantially as VPDL increased, while Ks-l remained stable. Our finding suggests that stomatal regulation of transpiration is not contingent on a decrease in Ks-l. Static Ks-l provides a much simpler explanation for transpiration control in hydrated plants and enables simplified modelling and new methods for monitoring plant water use in the field.

Rock mass permeability evolution during triaxial shearing based on three-dimensional distinct element model (3DEC) simulation

The evolution and change in jointed rock mass hydraulic conductivity (krm) during triaxial compression was investigated using the discrete element method code 3DEC bonded block model approach. The code’s fluid flow logic was used to simulate flow tests at various stages, from the initial confined state through to the post-peak (i.e., failed) state. A target percent of joint contacts were randomly “broken” to produce different initial fracture intensities. The rock mass fluid flow behaviour was compared with laboratory flow tests of thermally brecciated granular marble. A new joint constitutive model was developed to account for nonlinear, hysteretic load–displacement behaviour to accurately reproduce changes in joint aperture due to complex inter-block stress changes. The simulations provided quantifiable measurements of krm evolution with axial strain throughout the test for several rock mass quality conditions. The evolution of krm with loading was found to be nonlinear, with significant increases associated with yielding-induced dilation, followed by relatively minor changes in the post-peak loading range. These trends are similar to the laboratory tests conducted on intact rock and on rock joints. The findings will be useful for improving groundwater flow models for stability assessment of rock slopes, particularly where significant shearing is expected.

Assessing the effects of different tillage systems on selected physical and chemical properties of a silty clay loam soil under different field conditions in the Czech Republic

AbstractUnder the recent water‐limiting crisis on farmlands in the Czech Republic, more sustainable approaches to improve water infiltration and suction within the soil layer useful for plant growth is crucial. This study sought to explore changes induced by applied tillage system, and time after tillage (considering two field conditions; at crop maturity when the soil had consolidated long after tillage, and after tillage and seeding operations). The tillage systems investigated were reduced tillage (RT), occasional tillage (OT), no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Soil properties at 0–30 cm depth analysed were dry bulk density, soil organic matter content, saturated volumetric water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity. After the tillage and seeding operations, soil organic matter increased on all conservation tillage plots (RT, OT and NT) but decreased under CT. Insignificant changes in dry bulk density were observed on the conservation tillage plots, whereas CT reduced dry bulk density by 15.3%. Saturated hydraulic conductivity fluctuated significantly under OT and CT, while remaining stable under RT and NT. Generally, significant variability in organic matter influenced changes in saturated volumetric water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Changes in dry bulk density on all the tilled plots (RT, OT, and CT) did not show any significant relationship with saturated volumetric water content. Likewise, no significant relationship between changes in bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity on all plots were observed. While organic matter improvements under OT positively correlated with saturated volumetric water content, its seasonal dynamics under saturated hydraulic conductivity can be further studied. CT causes high instabilities in both saturated volumetric water content and saturated hydraulic conductivity leading to impaired characteristics during the soil's consolidated state.

Ground Fire Legacy Effects on Water-Dynamics of Volcanic Tropical Soils

The forest floor is a critical component in maintaining the life cycles of forest ecosystems. It normally includes organic soil horizons, known as duff and litter, which are prone to be rapidly consumed after flaming and smoldering fires. This work aims to understand the legacy effects of surface and ground fires on the infiltration capacity of a volcanic forest soil. We studied five sites with fires recorded in the last 20 years. All of them are located in pine-oak forests of the volcanic mountain region in central Mexico with a temperate climate and Andic soil properties. Tension-infiltration tests were carried out to determine hydraulic conductivity and the number of active macropores. After each test, cores were taken to evaluate in a laboratory setting, where soil water repellency at different moisture concentrations and the integrative dynamic repellency index were determined. Field-saturated hydraulic conductivity was moderately high in all sites, with mean values of 13 and 42 mm·h−1 for burned and control plots, respectively. A non-linear relationship was found between recurrence and type of fires with the concentration of active pores and several dynamic water repellency parameters. This work confirmed the presence of latent combustion in these temperate neotropical forests. The changes in soil water repellency and hydraulic conductivity detected do not necessarily imply an exceeded soil infiltration capacity. However, many of the fires in this region are associated with increasing agricultural activities, so further studies are needed to determine if higher fire frequencies could exceed the resilience capacity of the soils triggering land degradation.

Response of Hydraulic and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Caroxylon passerinum (Bunge) Akhani and Roalson to Prolonged Drought and Short-Term Rehydration

Hydraulic traits are essential functional characteristics of plants related to water absorption, transport, and loss, serving as indicators of a plant’s adaptability to prevailing environmental water conditions. However, the hydraulic traits of shrub, particularly desert plants in arid and semi-arid regions, have been underexplored. In this study, we conducted a pot experiment using Caroxylon passerinum (Bunge) Akhani and Roalson as the subject. Three treatment groups were established: adequate water supply, mild drought, and severe drought. After subjecting the shrub to drought and subsequent rehydration, we measured hydraulic conductivity, net photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance. We found that leaf water potential decreased and stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis decreased with increasing drought intensity. We found that leaf water potential and stomatal conductance decreased with increasing drought intensity. Although there was no significant change in hydraulic conductivity in the two drought groups, the values were greater in the drought group than in the control, and greater in the mild drought group than in the severe drought group. Meanwhile, the embolism resistance decreased with increasing drought intensity. After rehydration, hydraulic conductivity did not return to control levels in the severe drought group, as did embolism resistance in the two drought groups, and leaf water potential did not recover significantly. The results showed that drought stress increased the hydraulic conductivity of C. passerinum, and this effect was more pronounced under mild drought stress. After the stress was lifted, C. passerinum continued to maintain a lower leaf water potential to promote water uptake. This result provides a reference for us to study water use of desert shrubs under different drought stresses.

Changes in Pore-Size Distribution and Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Soils by Grass-Derived Hydrochar

Changes in Pore-Size Distribution and Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Soils by Grass-Derived Hydrochar

Groundwater Flow Modeling of A Microwatershed using Visual Modflow Flex

The present study attempts to make a simulation of groundwater flow modeling in Chikkodi micro-watershed Belagavi (District), Karnataka. A two-layer conceptualization and the three-dimensional groundwater flow model are primarily underlain by weathered basalt and fractured basalt. The first layer weathered zone is 30m from the ground surface and the second layer fractured zone is 80m below the ground surface spread over 20 rows and 20 columns. The cell height is 674m and the cell width is 440m. The work described here built a groundwater flow model in the micro-watershed using Visual MODFLOW Flex. The steady-state groundwater flow model was then numerically projected in April 2020 using seventeen observation wells using the present stress levels. The model aims to quantify input and output stresses and pinpoint the basin's overstressed regions. The water budget analysis estimates that evapotranspiration loss makes up 56.54% of the basin's total groundwater recharge while overall groundwater leaks from river systems are 28.72%. The findings indicated that the southern section of the basin is undergoing severe aquifer stress as a result of river overflow and evapotranspiration. To improve groundwater levels, it is suggested that artificial recharge structures should be developed in and near Chikkodi village at appropriate sites. The trial-and-error approach was used to assess the sensitivity of the calibrated model, and it was discovered that the model is extremely sensitive to changes in hydraulic conductivity and recharge levels. Model performance is excellent, with R2, RMSE, and NRMSE values of 0.97, 5.34, and 13.23% of the assessing criteria.

Framework for thaw consolidation of fine-grained soils

A framework for thaw consolidation of fine-grained soils is proposed. The development of the framework is based on the general definition of large-strain consolidation and on the general behaviour of soils upon thawing. The residual stress and the residual stress curve are used in the framework to define the initial thawed state. The concept of the residual stress is generalized to ice-rich soils by specifying that the residual stress is the effective stress within the soil elements upon thawing rather than the effective stress in the bulk soil. The framework is formulated in terms of [Formula: see text] relationships. The volume change behaviour of ice-poor soils is described by a semi-logarithmic linear [Formula: see text] relationship. The slope of the [Formula: see text] relationship is given by the compression index of the thawed soil. For ice-rich soils, a bilinear [Formula: see text] relationship is adopted. First, drainage of the excess water occurs with no compression of the soil skeleton. Then, water is drained out of the soil upon compression of the soil skeleton in an ice-poor equivalent manner. The e− k v relationship of thawed fine-grained soils is defined by a semi-logarithmic linear curve with a slope defined by the hydraulic conductivity change index of the thawed soil.

Hydraulic Conductivity, Microstructure, and Compositional Changes of Sand–Bentonite Backfill in Cutoff Walls Exposed to Organic Acids

Leachate, consisting of organic acids such as acetic acid (AA) and oxalic acid (OA), commonly is released into groundwater from municipal solid waste dumps and uncontrolled landfills. Slurry trench cutoff walls commonly are used to contain such contaminated groundwater, thereby protect the surrounding public and the environment. However, no studies have assessed comprehensively the effects of organic acid–laden groundwater exposure on the hydraulic conductivity and microscopic characteristics of sand–bentonite (SB) backfill in the cutoff walls. Several series of free swell, liquid limit, and flexible-wall hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted to quantify the effects of AA and OA exposure on the free swell index of bentonite and hydraulic conductivity and liquid limit of SB backfill. Results showed that the free swell index of bentonite and the liquid limit of SB backfill decreased with increasing concentrations of AA and OA. Exposure to AA yielded a lower free swell index of bentonite and liquid limit of SB backfill than those of OA with the same concentration. Increasing concentrations of AA and OA resulted in an increase in the hydraulic conductivity of SB backfills. Exposure to AA yielded higher hydraulic conductivity of SB backfill than OA with the same concentration. Mechanisms for increased hydraulic conductivity under organic acid exposure were ascertained based on the microstructure and compositional changes quantified by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), cation exchange capacity (CEC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses.

Efek Penambahan Bahan Aditif Non-Alami terhadap Perilaku Lempung Plastisitas Tinggi yang Distabilisasi dengan Semen

Cement is proven increasing the strength of soft clays. Monmorillonite has a high shrinkage. Another hand, Kaolin has a small shrinkage. Waste material usage for stabilization agent was widely carried out this decade. BAFA (bottom ash fly ash) and POFA (palm oil fuel ash) are rich in Silica and Alumina, so they used to substitute of cement. The study examined the effect of Monmorillonite, Kaolin, BAFA and POFA on stabilization of clay with cement. Bentonite from 4% to 16% (is equated to BAFA and POFA, in ratio of 2:1) and Kaolin by 2.5%, used to reduce clay shrinkage, mixed with cement by 3% and 5%. Soil behavior will be reviewed from laboratory tests on curing-noncuring and soaked-unsoaked conditions. The results show changes in Atterberg Limits and Hydraulic Conductivity (permeability, k). Cement as well as BAFA and POFA reduce Plastic Limit greater than Liquid Limit. So, Plasticity Index decreased. It’s can be seen that cement and ash waste decreasing the permeability value. More Ash and less cement, make more impermeable soil. Addition of 3% and 5% cement increased the UCS values from 14.32 kPa to 81.20 kPa and 589.68 kPa and CBR value from 0.78% to 4.20% and 589.68 42.12% respectively

A new experimental setup to measure hydraulic conductivity of plant segments.

Plant hydraulic conductivity and its decline under water stress are the focal point of current plant hydraulic research. The common methods of measuring hydraulic conductivity control a pressure gradient to push water through plant samples, submitting them to conditions far away from those that are experienced in nature where flow is suction driven and determined by the leaf water demand. In this paper, we present two methods for measuring hydraulic conductivity under closer to natural conditions, an artificial plant setup and a horizontal syringe pump setup. Both approaches use suction to pull water through a plant sample while dynamically monitoring the flow rate and pressure gradients. The syringe setup presented here allows for controlling and rapidly changing flow and pressure conditions, enabling experimental assessment of rapid plant hydraulic responses to water stress. The setup also allows quantification of dynamic changes in water storage of plant samples. Our tests demonstrate that the syringe pump setup can reproduce hydraulic conductivity values measured using the current standard method based on pushing water under above-atmospheric pressure. Surprisingly, using both the traditional and our new syringe pump setup, we found a positive correlation between changes in flow rate and hydraulic conductivity. Moreover, when flow or pressure conditions were changed rapidly, we found substantial contributions to flow by dynamic and largely reversible changes in the water storage of plant samples. Although the measurements can be performed under sub-atmospheric pressures, it is not possible to subject the samples to negative pressures due to the presence of gas bubbles near the valves and pressure sensors. Regardless, this setup allows for unprecedented insights into the interplay between pressure, flow rate, hydraulic conductivity and water storage in plant segments. This work was performed using an Open Science approach with the original data and analysis to be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7322605.

Changes in soil hydraulic conductivity in sweet potato field with living mulch

AbstractLiving mulch (LM) is used in agricultural fields to suppress weeds, control diseases, and mitigate erosion. It also enhances soil nutrient supply at the root death and decay stage during the growing season. However, benefits of LM to soil hydraulic properties related to soil pore structure have not been elaborated here. We focus on temporal changes in soil hydraulic conductivity (K) in a field where sweet potato was grown with and without LM (barley, Hordeum vulgare L.). K was measured in the field using a mini‐disk infiltrometer at three different pressure heads. In the plots with LM, K decreased significantly in August and then increased in October compared to plots without LM (at –0.5 cm pressure head). Changes in soil pore structure due to root growth or death and decay may alter soil hydraulic conductivity.

Cross-well multilevel pumping tests – A novel approach for characterizing the changes of hydraulic properties during gas storage in shallow aquifers

Gas leakage may occur in pipelines or subsurface storage sites. The appearance of a new gas phase in the geological subsurface can impede groundwater flow and increase total media compressibility, with both effects increasing with larger gas phase volumes. In near-surface aquifers, these changes can be assessed by determining changes in hydraulic conductivity and specific storage using conventional pumping tests. These allow an observer to detect and delineate the occurrence of a new gas phase. In this study, this idea was tested using methane gas and hydrogen gas injection experiments, which were conducted at the TestUM field site in Germany. A series of multi-level cross-well and depth-oriented pumping tests were conducted before and after injection of the hydrogen and methane gas phases. The results show a significant decrease of hydraulic conductivity and a significant increase of specific storage estimated from the drawdown data due to the presence of the gas phases. Hydraulic conductivity and specific storage were found to vary by up to 86% and 65,900% respectively after gas phase injection, while repeated baseline tests yielded a variation of less than 28% and 340% prior to gas phase injection. These changes are correlated, and their occurrence and magnitude can be used to roughly locate the gas phases. As only standard hydrogeological field equipment and evaluation techniques are required, this approach represents a new monitoring option to detect an intruding gas phase in near-surface aquifers.

Evaluation of Cracking in Biochar-Amended Clayey Soil Under Freeze–Thaw Cycles

Biochar has been identified as an efficient soil amendment, and it shows promising results in inhibiting desiccation cracks. However, the effects of biochar on soil freeze–thaw cycle behavior on surface cracking have not been considered. This study focuses on the influence of wood biochar dosages on surface cracking under freeze–thaw cycles on clayey soils, and the mechanism was investigated through image analysis and water evaporation. Samples were prepared with different biochar dosages of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, and maintained for 12 h constant temperature freeze (−20°C) and thaw (21°C) cycles. Every 12 h, sample weight, 2D images, and 3D scans were taken. Also, a parallel desiccation experiment was conducted at room temperature for comparison purposes. Results show that with an increased dosage of biochar for the freeze–thaw samples, the crack ratio, fractal dimension, total crack length, and average crack width decrease. Also, the crack propagation rate decreased with the increased amount of biochar. Further, the water evaporation rate decreased with increasing biochar for the freeze–thaw samples; the reasons can be correlated with the reduced thermal conductivity of soil with added biochar, and the reduction in bulk density causing reduced thermal conductivity. Results indicate that the final crack patterns are associated with the initial ice crystal patterns. Samples with low biochar produced larger-sized parallel layered texture ice crystals, and increased biochar content caused homogeneous massive ice crystal texture; these responses can be correlated with changes in soil hydraulic conductivity.

Multiple timescales of streambed flux variability in two perennial mountain‐front streams

AbstractStreambed fluxes are highly variable through time and space, having a range implications for stream‐aquifer processes. This study investigated streambed fluxes over a 3‐year study period to characterize short‐ and long‐term variations and related implications for seepage recharge and hyporheic exchange. Time series of streambed fluxes were estimated through Darcy‐based methods using water level and temperature inputs from shallow (<1.5 m) nested streambed piezometers installed in two mountain‐front streams in Colorado, USA. Three predominant temporal scales of variability were characterized: sub‐daily (<1 day), daily (>1 day; <1 year), and interannual (>1 year). Temporal variability was quantified using the median absolute deviation (MAD), a statistical measure that is resistant to extreme values associated with short‐duration events. Sub‐daily variability (MADS‐D) was related to ET, temperature‐induced changes in hydraulic conductivity, and variable stream stage, and was quantified using the MAD of detrended fluxes (daily mean subtracted). Daily variability (MADD), calculated as the MAD of daily median fluxes for a given year, exceeded sub‐daily variability, and was influenced by strong seasonality at some sites. For individual sites and water years, the ratio of MADS‐D to MADD ranged from 0.03 to 0.70, with an average of 0.25. Annual median fluxes at each site varied across years, but typically remained consistent in order of magnitude and direction. Results reveal a strong linear correlation between the daily variability and the median annual flux at individual sites. Within a year, summer months characterized by stronger losing conditions showed greater overall variability. 1D numerical heat and flow modelling was performed to calibrate hydraulic parameters and to investigate temperature‐related controls for sub‐daily variations. We discuss implications of documented temporal variability for analyses of hyporheic exchange and groundwater recharge. Results provide a basis for quantifying temporal variations in streambed fluxes and highlight the extent to which fluxes vary over multiple timescales.

Leaf Carbon and Water Isotopes Correlate with Leaf Hydraulic Traits in Three Solanum Species (S. peruvianum, S. lycopersicum and S. chilense)

Leaf hydraulic conductance (KLeaf) is a measure of the efficiency of water transport through the leaf, which determines physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration rates. One key anatomical structure that supports KLeaf is leaf venation, which could be subject to evolutionary pressure in dry environments. In this context, it is useful to assess these traits in species from arid climates such as S. peruvianum and S. chilense, in order to determine their hydraulic strategy and potential aptitude for the improvement of domestic tomato (S. lycopersicum). In this work, we measured KLeaf, vein density, together with leaf water isotope composition (δ18O, δ2H) and leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C), from which we derived proxies for outside-vein hydraulic resistance (Rox) and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi), respectively. The two wild species showed contrasting hydraulic strategies, with S. chilense performing as a water-spender, whereas S. peruvianum showed a water-saving strategy. Interestingly, S. lycopersicum was rather conservative, and showed the highest WUEi. The low water transport capacity of S. peruvianum was not explained by vein density traits, but was related with the effective pathlength L, an isotope-derived proxy for Rox. The low WUEi of S. peruvianum suggest strong photosynthetic limitations. Our results show a wide diversity in water-use strategies in the genus, encouraging a detailed characterization of wild relatives. From a methodological point of view, we provide evidence supporting the use of water isotopes to assess changes in mesophyll hydraulic conductance, not attributable to vein density.

Changes in root hydraulic conductivity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in response to salt stress and day/night can best be explained through altered activity of aquaporins.

Salt stress reduces plant water flow during day and night. It is not known to which extent root hydraulic properties change in parallel. To test this idea, hydroponically grown wheat plants were grown at four levels of salt stress (50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl) for 5-8d before harvest (d14-18) and subjected to a range of analyses to determine diurnal changes in hydraulic conductivity (Lp) at cell, root and plant level. Cell pressure probe analyses showed that the Lp of cortex cells was differentially affected by salt stress during day and night, and that the response to salt stress differed between the main axis of roots and lateral roots. The Aquaporin (AQP) inhibitor H2 O2 reduced Lp to a common, across treatments, level as observed in salt-stressed plants during the night. Analyses of transpiring plants and exuding root systems provided values of root Lp which were in the same range as values modeled based on cell-Lp. The results can best be explained through a change in root Lp in response to salt stress and day/night, which results from an altered activity of AQPs. qPCR gene expression analyses point to possible candidate AQP isoforms.

Physico-chemical Properties in Rhizosphere of Some Field Crops at Different Growth Stages in a Sandy Clay Loam Soil in Sourthern Nigeria

The effects of different cultivated crops and their growth periods on some hydraulic and chemical properties of a sandy clay loam soil at the University of Port Harcourt, Teaching and Research Farm, in Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria was studied. The objective was to understand the changes in soil physical and chemical properties near the plant environment during the growing period for optimum management. Four (4) crops: Maize (Zea mays L.), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Pepper (Capsicum annuum), and Garden egg (Solanum melongena F.) were planted to native fallowed soil and the soil properties measured at three (3) growth stages of the crops viz: Establishment, Flowering, and Maturity. Results revealed that the plants did not modify the soil textural class. Significant changes in bulk densities and saturated hydraulic conductivity were found during the flowering stage of the crops. Bulk density of 1.36 and 1.34 g cm-3 were significantly (p<0.05) low at during flowering and maturity stages, respectively, in Garden egg soils. The highest saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) values of 22.9 and 27 cm h-1, respectively, were significant (p<0.05) during the same periods for garden egg, followed by Maize and Okra. Results also revealed that Okra, Pepper and Garden egg significantly (p<0.05) reduced the soil acidity at flowering growth period. Maize contributed significant additions of soil organic matter to the soil at flowering and maturity periods. Maximum removal of available plant nutrients was at flowering stage for maize when more than 80% of the plant had shown tasselling and cob formation. Therefore, monitoring the growth stages of specific plant could help in nutrient and soil management and changes in soil physical and chemical properties.

Evaluation of the Feasibility of Foam Glass as Filter Media in Rain Garden

Objectives:In order to recycle and resource waste glass, the feasibility of foam glass as filter media was evaluated, and column experiments using foam glass media were conducted to confirm the applicability as filter media in rain garden. Through this experiment, various design factors to be considered can be derived in application of foam glass media in the rain garden.Methods:Sieve analysis and SEM/EDS analysis were conducted to confirm the physicochemical properties of the foam glass. Column experiments filled with only foam glass and mixtures of sand and foam glass were conducted to simulate rain garden to evaluate the removal efficiency of suspended solids and turbidity using the foam glass media, head difference (<i>Δh</i>) and hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i>) changes, and calculation of filtered suspended solids loading using both discrete and cumulative mass approach. Finally, comparison of filtration performance with various filter media used in LID facilities was performed to evaluate the feasibility of foam glass media in rain garden.Results and Discussion:Since foam glass media has a lower density than water, homogeneous particle size, and smooth surface with pores of various sizes, foam glass media effectively induces internal capture and external adsorption of suspended solids. Foam glass media has been applied to high suspended solids and turbidity removal efficiency. As the suspended solids inflow load increased, clogging occurred in the pores and the removal efficiency gradually decreased, but the foam glass media with lower density than water was continuously disturbed and rearranged due to the head difference energy, and some clogging were alleviated by rearrangement of pores and channels. The load of suspended solids in precipitated, adsorbed, and retained on the foam glass was calculated using the effluent sample (discrete) collected at regular time intervals and the continuously accumulated sample (cumulative) from the output. The filtered suspended solids load calculated using the cumulative mass approach was higher due to the estimation of the amounts of suspended solids remaining in the filtration column is lower because the samples (discrete) collected at regular time intervals from the output do not reflect the amount of suspended solids that change over time. Thus, the amounts of suspended solids removed through the filtration process can be much more accurately estimated using the cumulative samples. Finally, when comparing the removal efficiency with other filter media, foam glass can be used as excellent filter media with higher removal efficiency and greater lifespan.Conclusion:Foam glass media with smooth surface, pores of various sizes, and lower density than water can rearrange and regenerate pores to alleviate some clogging, resulting in high suspended solids and turbidity removal efficiency for a long period of time. Considering that the amount of suspended solids filtered is determined by various factors such as particle size and distribution, porosity, depth, linear velocity, and inflow load of the suspended solids, the feasibility test using foam glass media through long-term field experiments is warranted. The amounts of suspended solids removed through the filtration process can be much more accurately estimated using the cumulative samples.